Style Time line

Cupid 1601 by Caravaggio

1600-1750 - Baroque


Baroque was born in Italy, and later adopted in France, Germany, Netherlands, and Spain.
In painting and sculpture we recognize three main forms of Baroque:

 Baroque that was primarily associated with the religious tensions within Western Christianity: division on Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.
Baroque is a style in which painters, sculptors, and architects rummaged emotion, movement, and variety in their works. Baroque favors higher volumes, exaggerates decorations, adds colossal sculptures, huge furniture etc. Sense of movement, energy, and tension are dominant impressions. Strong contrasts of light and shadow often enhance dramatic effects.

Baroque famous artists:
- Michelangelo Merisi-Caravaggio
- Agostino Carracci

1700-1760 - Rococo

Jean-Honore Fragonard:
The Swing

 Oil on Canvas- 1766 -The Wallace Collection, London

Based in France, Rococo was a decorative style most often used in interior design, painting, architecture, and sculpture. Rococo was manifested out of this new era of thought where society abandoned the formality of the earlier years and began pursuing personal amusement and happiness.
The term Rococo was derived from the French word, rocaille, meaning rock and shell garden ornamentation. The style appealed to the senses rather than intellect, stressing beauty over depth. The movement portrayed the life of the aristocracy, preferring themes of romance, mythology, fantasy, every day life to historical or religious subject matter.
Rococo was a light, ornamental, and elaborate style of art, identified by elegant and detailed ornamentation and the use of curved, asymmetrical forms.
Other elements of the style included graceful movement, playful use of line, and delicate coloring. Dominated by feminine taste and influence, the lively colors and playful subject matter made it suitable for interior decoration. The Rococo style was also used in portraiture and furniture and tapestry design

Rococo famous artists:
- Ricci
- Jean-Honore Fragonard

Karl Schmidt-Rottluff  Portrait of Emy,
1919, Oil on Canvas

Beginning 1905 - 

Die Brucke  

Die Brucke was the association of artist expressionists from Dresden, Germany. Their first exhibition was held in 1906. Die Brucke made use of a technique that was controlled, intentionally unsophisticated and crude, developing a style hallmarked by expressive distortions and emphases. Die Brucke artists often used color similar to the Fauves, and they were also influenced by art form from Africa and Oceania. 
Some of the painters in the group sympathized with the revolutionary socialism of the day and drew inspiration from Van Gogh's ideas on artists' communities. Die Brucke expressionists believed that their social criticism of the ugliness of modern life could lead to a new and better future. 


Die Brucke famous artists:
- Karl Schnidt-Rottluff
- Emil Nolde

1911 - 1914 - Rayonism ( Cubo-Futurism ) 

A type of abstract or semi-abstract painting characterised by the fragmentation of forms into masses of slanting lines.

Rayonism represents one of the first steps toward the development of abstract art in Russia and was founded by Mikhail F. Larionov and his wife Natalia Goncharova.

The new style was a synthesis of Cubism, Futurism, and Orphism and is also known as Cubo-Futurism.

Mikhail Larionov,1913, Russia

The brief life of Cubo-Futurism (Rayonism) suggests the considerable confusion that many Russians felt over the question of rural versus urban, agrarian versus industrial, and Russian versus French. The one issue Goncharova and Larionov were not in doubt was artistic progress and they wanted to contribute to it. After Larionov's return to Moscow, the Suprematists and the Constructivists were now center stage.

Rayonism famous artists:
- Natalia Goncharova
- Mikhail Larionov

1918 - 1941 - De Ploeg

Johan Dijkstra (1896-1978)  A country road in Groningen, oil on canvas 
The artist’s association ‘De Ploeg’ was founded in 1918 in reaction to the artistic climate in Groningen. A number of young artists felt they did not have enough opportunity to develop themselves and exhibit their work. They hoped that as a group they would be able to exhibit their work and also organize exhibitions and lectures through which artists and the general public could learn about recent developments in art, architecture and literature.

De Plog famous artists:

-Jan Wiegers

-Johan Dijkstra

Lettrism - Mid 1940s

Isidore Isou, Amos,1953. 

Lettrism is a French avant-garde movement, established in Paris in the mid-1940s by Romanian immigrant Isidore Isou. In a body of work totalling hundreds of volumes, Isou and the Lettrists have applied their theories to all areas of art and culture, most notably in poetry, film, painting and political theory.

Gabriel Pomerand, Sans titre, 1951

The term, having been the original name that was first given to the group, has lingered as a blanket term to cover all of their activities, even as many of these have moved away from any connection to letters. But other names have also been introduced, either for the group as a whole or for its activities in specific domains, such as 'the Isouian movement', 'youth uprising', 'hypergraphics', 'creatics', 'infinitesimal art' and 'excoördism'.
Lettrism famous artists:
-Gabriel Pomerand
- Maurice Lemaitre
Hard-Edge - Late 1950s, Early 1960s

The term Hard-edge painting was coined in 1959 by art historian Jules Langsner to characterize the nonfigurative work of four artists from California in an exhibition called Four Abstract Classicists. The term then gained broader currency after British critic Lawrence Alloway used it to describe contemporary American geometric abstract painting featuring an “economy of form,” “fullness of color,” “neatness of surface,” and the nonrelational, allover arrangement of forms on the canvas... Also described as Abstract Imaginism.

Hard- Edge famous artists:
-  Frederick Hammersley
- John McLaughlin
Op Art (Optical Art)
 - Beginning in the 1960s

Jessus- Raphael Soto Spiral, 1950

Op Art made its appearance in the United States and Europe in the late 1950s. Op Art, also called Optical Art, was popular along side Pop Art. Branching from the geometric abstraction movement, Op Art includes paintings concerned with surface kinetics. It was a movement which exploits the fallibility of the eye through the use of optical illusions. The viewer gets the impression of movement by flashing and vibration, or alternatively of swelling or warping. Two techniques used to achieve this effect are perspective illusion and chromatic tension. Artists used colors, lines and shapes repetitive and simple ways to create perceived movement and to trick the viewer's eye.Op Art famous artists:

-  Victor Vasarely
- Jessus - Raphael Soto

Minimal Art - 1970s

TRABUM (part of the Element Series) 

Title is derived from the Latin for log or timber.

Minimal art was an artistic style, which emerged in America the late 1950s. The term was taken from an essay about modern American art by art philosopher Richard Wollheim in 1965. Minimal Art first established itself in painting, and then sculpture, where it had the greatest impact.

Minimal art sculptures were primarily made from industrial materials, such as aluminium, steel, glass, concrete, wood, plastic or stone. The objects, frequently reduced to very simple geometric shapes, were industrially produced, thus removing the artist’s personal signature from the work. The works were also characterised by serial arrangements of a number of bodies/shapes, and large dimensions.
Minimal Art famous artists:
- Carl Andre
- Dan Flavin

Relational art - 2002

Gabriel Orozco, Black Kites, 1997.

Relational Art is an emerging movement in art identified by Nicolas Bourriaud, a French philosopher, who recognized a growing number of contemporary artists used performative and interactive techniques that rely on the responses of others: pedestrians, shoppers, browsers—the casual observer-turned-participant. As an art critic, Bourriaud has reviewed many internationally renowned exhibitions and performances. Over the course of writing editorials for the French magazine Documents sur l’Art, Bourriaud came to term what he was seeing—more accurately, experiencing—as a movement in Relational Art.

 Relational Art Famous Artists:

 -Nicolas Bourriaud

 -Felix Gonzalez-Torres

Sources:

http://www.huntfor.com/arthistory/c17th-mid19th/baroque.htm

http://wwar.com/masters/movements/rococo.html

http://www.huntfor.com/arthistory/c20th/diebrucke.htm

http://www.ncmoa.org/collections/highlights/20thcentury/20th/1910-1950/028_lrg.shtml

http://www.huntfor.com/arthistory/C20th/rayonism.htm

http://en.mimi.hu/finearts/rayonism.html

http://the-artists.org/artistsbymovement/de-Ploeg/

http://www.wendtroot.com/spoetry/folder4/ng441.html

http://the-artists.org/artistsbymovement/Hard-Edge/

http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/hard-edge-painting.htm

http://www.kettererkunst.com/dict/minimal-art.shtml